A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it affects brain function, resulting in changes in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances may be used recreationally, to purposefully alter one's consciousness, as entheogens, for ritual, spiritual, and/or shamanic purposes, as a tool for studying or augmenting the mind, or therapeutically as medication.
Books of reference: p. 192
Thesis, Ph.D., 1955
Description : Post-operative cognitive dysfunction has been widely observed, especially in older patients. An association of postoperative cognitive dysfunction with the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, has been suggested. Neuroinflammation contributes to Alzheimer pathology, through elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in the CNS leading to neuronal damage, synaptic disruption and ultimately cognitive dysfunction. We comp...